Building from source - Dependencies

How to use this page?

Start by checking if there is a guide for your system. It will include all required steps to get preCICE ready to build.

If there is no guide for your system, find out if there are suitable system packages for the dependencies. Then use the dependencies section to install all missing dependencies from source.

After all dependencies are ready to use, proceed with configuring preCICE.

Dependencies

This section lists all dependencies alongside required versions and steps on how to install them from source. Meaning, installing dependencies based on the steps in this section should be the last resort for normal users. Prefer to follow the system guides and only install custom versions if you have a reason to do so.

Overview

The following is an overview of the required dependencies of the latest preCICE release. Note that we always strive to be forwards-compatible. If you find a problem with preCICE and a latest versions of these dependencies, please let us know.

Required dependencies

Required optional dependencies

C++ compiler

preCICE requires a C++ compiler with full C++14 support. The following table lists the minimal requirement for compiler versions:

If you are using Debian/Ubuntu, the build-essential package will install everything needed.

When compiling with MPI enabled (the default) and using your MPI compiler wrapper as compiler, then it needs to use a suitable compiler. For example, check if the mpicxx --version reports a compatible compiler version. Check the section on MPI for more information.j

CMake

preCICE requires the build system CMake at a minimal version of 3.16.1. You can check your CMake version using cmake --version.

Depending on the versions of CMake and Boost, CMake may not find all libraries in boost and display warnings when configuring preCICE. This can be safely ignored as preCICE does not use problematic libraries. Fixing this requires to upgrade CMake..

Download CMake binaries

Download the official binaries for your platform and extract them into a folder. Then extend the path environment variable by executing the following:

export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/extracted/location/version/bin
cmake --version

This should now display the version of the latest release. If the version is correct, you can make this change persistent by appending the above export statement to your .bashrc or similar.

Eigen

preCICE uses Eigen for linear algebra computations and for a version of RBF mappings which does not require PETSc.

Download the Eigen headers

Eigen is a header-only library, i.e. it is compiled into preCICE and does not require linkage. Download the sources from their latest release and extract them to some location. The folder of your choice should now contain a folder called eigen-x.y.z for version x.y.z. Set the environment variable Eigen3_ROOT to the eigen-x.y.z folder by adding this to your ~.bashrc.

export Eigen3_ROOT=/path/to/eigen/eigen-x.y.z

Boost

preCICE uses Boost for several features. Boost 1.67 and newer, it may complicate how you install adapters that use yaml-cpp. Note that users have experienced problems building Boost 1.68 and 1.69 with some compilers.

You might save some time and space by installing only the necessary libraries:

• boost_log
• boost_log_setup
• boost_thread
• boost_system
• boost_filesystem
• boost_program_options
• boost_unit_test_framework

These libraries may also depend on other Boost libraries. Make sure that these get installed, too.

The following header-only Boost libraries are also needed: ‘asio’, vmd, geometry, signals2, container, ranges.

Build boost from source

1. Download and extract Boost into any directory. Switch to that directory.

2. Prepare the installation, selecting only the libraries that need to be built (this does not affect the header-only libraries). Select a prefix to install Boost to. This will later contain the directories include and lib. On systems using modules, we recommend to specify the toolset manually by additionally passing --with-toolset=gcc (or intel).

   Now run with the prefix of your choice:

   ./bootstrap.sh --with-libraries=log,thread,system,filesystem,program_options,test --prefix=<prefix>
   

3. Build and install the libraries. Depending on your choice, you may need root access.

   ./b2 install      # user has write access to the prefix
   sudo ./b2 install # user does not have sufficient permissions
   

   The directory you chose as prefix now contains libraries in <prefix>/lib and the all the Boost headers in <prefix>/include. You may now safely remove the boost directory from step 1.

4. If you selected /usr/local as prefix, update the dynamic linker’s run-time bindings:

   sudo ldconfig
   

5. If you did not select /usr/local as prefix, you need to make the boost installation visible to the linker and compiler. Add the following to your ~/.bashrc:

  export BOOST_ROOT=<prefix>
  export LIBRARY_PATH=$BOOST_ROOT/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$BOOST_ROOT/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$BOOST_ROOT/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH

For more information, please refer to the “Getting Started” instructions of Boost.

libxml2

preCICE uses libxml2 for parsing the configuration file.

Install libxml2 from source

1. Download the latest release of libxml.
2. Extract the sources to a location of your choice.
3. Choose a directory to install the library to and use it as <prefix>.

4. Build and install the library

   ./autogen --prefix=<prefix>
   make
   make install
   

5. If you did not select /usr/local as prefix, you need to make the installation visible to the linker and compiler. Add the following to your ~/.bashrc replacing prefix with the chosen directory:

  export LIBRARY_PATH=<prefix>/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<prefix>/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=<prefix>/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH

PETSc

PETSc is used for RBF mappings and is highly recommended for large cases. For small/medium-size cases, preCICE can still do an RBF mapping in parallel without PETSc. If you don’t need this feature, you may specify -DPRECICE_PETScMapping=off when building preCICE.

We require at least version 3.12. For preCICE versions earlier than v2.1.0, PETSc version between 3.6 and 3.12 might still work, but needs to be built with 64bit index sizes. In particular on Ubuntu 18.04, we require at least 3.12.

Build PETSc from source

If you prefer to install the most recent version from source, do the following:

1. Download it or get the repository using git clone -b release https://gitlab.com/petsc/petsc.git petsc
2. Change into that directory and compile with or without debugging: ./configure --with-debugging=0 (disable debugging for optimal performance)
3. Use the make command as the configure script proposes, e.g. make PETSC_DIR=/path/to/petsc PETSC_ARCH=arch-linux-c-opt all Further documentation see the PETSc installation documentation.
4. Usage: You will need to add PETSc to your dynamic linker search path (LD_LIBRARY_PATH on Linux or DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH on macOS). You may also need to set the $PETSC_ARCH.

Finally, in some cases you may need to have PETSc in your CPATH, LIBRARY_PATH, or PYTHONPATH. Here is an example:

   export PETSC_DIR=/path/to/petsc
   export PETSC_ARCH=arch-linux-c-opt
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PETSC_DIR/$PETSC_ARCH/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Python

You only need Python if you want to use the Python action interface (only used for rare applications). If you don’t need this feature, you may specify -DPRECICE_PythonActions=off. In particular, you don’t need to build with Python if you only want to use the preCICE Python bindings.

You probably already have Python installed. However, in order to use the Python interface, you also need to install NumPy and the header files for Python and NumPy. On Debian/Ubuntu, install the packages python3-numpy and python3-dev.

MPI

preCICE requires an implementation of the MPI-3 specification, which is provided by all major vendors including OpenMPI, MPICH, and Intel MPI.

You can build preCICE without MPI in case of compatibility issues with a certain solver (e.g. a closed source solver with a binary-distributed MPI version, or when running on Windows). To do so, use -DPRECICE_MPICommunication=OFF when building with CMake. In such a case, you can still use TCP/IP sockets instead. This might, however, result in lower performance and is, therefore, not recommended if not necessary.

Please note that many MPI implementations implement the client-server functionality in various ways. They often require special setup such as environment variables, servers or infrastructure setup.

Keep in mind that already PETSc should have installed MPI.

System guides

If you want build preCICE on your own computer and you are using one of the following Linux distributions, we provide a summary here to quickly install everything you need. If everything works, you may ignore the rest of this page.

Other modern versions of popular Linux distributions are also perfectly compatible, here we just list a few popular options. Since our users have tried preCICE on various distributions, you may as well ask on our forum for any questions.

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish

With every release, we also ship binary packages for Ubuntu 22.04. However, if you still want to build from source, everything is available through the distribution’s repositories:

sudo apt update && \
sudo apt install build-essential cmake libeigen3-dev libxml2-dev libboost-all-dev petsc-dev python3-dev python3-numpy

The same instructions apply for later Ubuntu releases.

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa

Follow the same instructions as for Ubuntu 22.04.

Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver

With every release, we also ship binary packages for Ubuntu 18.04. However, if you still want to build from source, almost everything is available through the distribution’s repositories:

sudo apt update && \
sudo apt install build-essential cmake libeigen3-dev libxml2-dev libboost-all-dev python3-dev python3-numpy

If you don’t plan to use RBF mappings in large parallel cases you can continue without installing PETSc and build with -DPRECICE_PETScMapping=OFF. If you need PETSc, follow the steps in the PETSc section and you are done.

Debian 11 Bullseye

Everything is available from the distribution’s repositories:

su
apt update && \
apt install build-essential cmake libeigen3-dev libxml2-dev libboost-all-dev petsc-dev python3-dev python3-numpy

Debian 10 Buster

In Debian 10.5, almost everything is available through the distribution’s repositories:

su
apt update && \
apt install build-essential cmake libeigen3-dev libxml2-dev libboost-all-dev python3-dev python3-numpy

If you don’t plan to use RBF mappings in large parallel cases you can continue without installing PETSc and build with -DPRECICE_PETScMapping=OFF. If you need PETSc, follow the steps in the PETSc section and you are done.

Fedora 36

In Fedora, everything is available through the distribution’s repositories:

sudo dnf update
sudo dnf install gcc-c++ cmake libxml2-devel boost-devel openmpi-devel petsc-openmpi-devel hdf5-openmpi-devel eigen3-devel python3-devel

Note that hdf5-openmpi-devel is only needed to detect the PETSc installation (details).

Afterwards, start a new terminal, to make MPI discoverable (read more about MPI on Fedora). Before configuring & building preCICE, load MPI using the module:

module load mpi/openmpi-x86_64

(if module is not available, you may need to log out and in again)

If you don’t plan to use RBF mappings in large parallel cases you can continue without installing PETSc and build with -DPRECICE_PETScMapping=OFF. You may need this with older preCICE and Fedora versions (e.g. preCICE v2.1 on Fedora 32 or earlier, see a related issue.

Rocky Linux 9

Rocky Linux very closely follows the conventions previously set by CentOS. We first need to install common development tools, enable the CRB repository (only for Eigen), install the dependencies, load the MPI module, and continue with building preCICE.

1. First, install the Development Tools group (compilers, Git, make, pkg-config, …):

   sudo dnf update
   sudo dnf install dnf-plugins-core
   sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"
   

2. Then, install the available preCICE dependencies:

   sudo dnf install cmake libxml2-devel boost-devel openmpi-devel eigen3-devel python3-devel
   

3. Before configuring & building preCICE, load MPI (you may need to log out and in again, if module is not found):

   module load mpi/openmpi-x86_64
   

4. Unfortunately, PETSc does not seem to be available in this distribution., so we need to switch that off later when building preCICE. If you don’t plan to use RBF mappings in large parallel cases, you can continue without installing PETSc and build preCICE with -DPRECICE_PETScMapping=OFF. If you need PETSc, follow the steps in the PETSc section and you are done.

CentOS 8

(The same instructions apply also to Rocky Linux 8)

This system requires to install some tools in a fixed order.

1. First, make sure that a few common dependencies are installed. You need to enable the PowerTools repository (for Eigen) and to install the Development Tools group (compilers, Git, make, pkg-config, …).

   sudo dnf update
   sudo dnf install dnf-plugins-core
   sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"
   sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools
   sudo dnf update
   

   Note that, instead of dnf, you can also type yum with the same options.

2. Then, install the available preCICE dependencies:

   sudo dnf install cmake libxml2-devel boost-devel openmpi-devel eigen3-devel python3-devel
   pip3 install --user numpy
   

3. Before configuring & building preCICE, load MPI (you may need to log out and in again, if module is not found):

   module load mpi/openmpi-x86_64
   

4. Unfortunately, the PETSc package (petsc-openmpi-devel) in this distribution is too old. If you don’t plan to use RBF mappings in large parallel cases you can continue without installing PETSc, and build preCICE with -DPRECICE_PETScMapping=OFF. If you need PETSc, follow the steps in the PETSc section and you are done.

CentOS 7

This system requires to install some tools in a fixed order.

1. First install the group ‘Development Tools’.

   sudo yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'
   sudo yum update
   

2. Then install available dependencies from the repositories:

   sudo yum install cmake3 libxml2-devel eigen3 openmpi-devel python3-devel boost169-devel
   

3. Then add the following to your ~./bashrc:

   export PATH=/usr/lib64/openmpi/bin:$PATH
   export CC=/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/bin/gcc
   export BOOST_LIBRARYDIR=/usr/lib64/boost169/
   export BOOST_INCLUDEDIR=/usr/include/boost169/
   

4. Then install install a newer version of gcc using a software development package:

  sudo yum install centos-release-scl
  sudo yum install devtoolset-7

To enable the new gcc compiler in a terminal:

  scl enable devtoolset-7 bash

OpenSUSE Leap 15.4

In OpenSUSE Leap 15.4, things are a bit more complicated (please contribute in this section). Get the basic dependencies:

sudo zypper refresh
sudo zypper install gcc-c++ make cmake libxml2-devel \
libboost_log1_75_0-devel libboost_thread1_75_0-devel libboost_system1_75_0-devel libboost_filesystem1_75_0-devel libboost_program_options1_75_0-devel libboost_test1_75_0-devel \
eigen3-devel python3-devel

Furthermore, Numpy is needed. It can be installed through pip: pip3 install --user numpy. You may need to set the Eigen location when configuring preCICE:

cmake -DEIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/eigen3 <options as usual>

If you don’t already have a fitting combination of MPI and PETSc (not shown here), disable the respective features when configuring preCICE:

cmake -DPRECICE_MPICommunication=OFF -DPRECICE_PETScMapping=OFF <options as usual>

See also a related discussion on the preCICE forum for more details.

Arch Linux

(The same applies to Manjaro and other derived distributions)

Good news: preCICE is already on AUR, so you can directly use or modify the respective PKGBUILD.

macOS

These instructions were written for macOS Catalina (10). We are aware of users using preCICE in newer macOS versions, including macOS Big Sur (11), while our automated tests run on the GitHub Actions macos-latest runner. Contributions to this section would be particularly helpful.

First, install XCode Command Line Tools from the Apple Developer page or from XCode.

You can then install all dependencies using Homebrew:

brew install cmake eigen libxml2 boost petsc openmpi python3 numpy

or, alternatively, using MacPorts

port install cmake eigen3 libxml2 boost petsc openmpi python3 numpy